Production and characterization of nanoemulsion with low-calorie structured lipids and its potential to modulate biomarkers associated with obesity and comorbidities.

Structured lipids (SL) containing behenic acid have been produced in order to obtain low-calorie lipids for foods; however, the development of a high nutritional value and a stable nanoemulsion carrier system for these SL is an interesting breakthrough for this field of research, improving technologic and biological potential for food application. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of a nanoemulsion containing SL NeSL (produced with olive oil, soybean oil and fully hydrogenated crambe oil), the behavior during in vitro digestion and the effects on biomarkers involved in the obesity in cell models. The samples showed good stability throughout storage (30 days) under refrigeration and room temperature and after the gastric digestion phase compared to the controls (nanoemulsion of olive and soybean oil). After the intestinal phase, there was an increase in oil droplet size and zeta potential, a characteristic of coalescence. In the lipid accumulation model in adipocytes, the highest concentration (50 µL/mL) of NeSL resulted in 42% less lipid accumulation, compared to the control. Furthermore, the sample was able to reduce inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages provoked by LPS (lipopolysaccharide). The combination of the oils in NeSL resulted in a fatty acid profile with beneficial health properties, which may have contributed to less lipid accumulation and improved inflammatory parameters. This SL in the form of a nanoemulsion, may be used as a partial fat substitute in low-calorie food products.

Peanut skin polyphenols inhibit toxicity induced by advanced glycation end-products in RAW264.7 macrophages.

This is the first work to use a polyphenolic fraction derived from peanut skin to attenuate the toxicity induced by advanced glycation-end products (AGEs) in RAW264.7 macrophages. The RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by AGEs using the bovine serum albumin-fructose (BSA-FRU), bovine serum albumin-methylglyoxal (BSA-MGO) and arginine-methylglyoxal (ARG-MGO) models. The AGEs increased considerably the levels of reactive oxygen species and the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide. Twenty-eight polyphenols, including catechin, phenolic acids, and resveratrol were annotated in peanut skin extract (PSE) with the use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MSE) and to the UNIFI Scientific Information System. The administration of PSE at 100 and 150 µg/mL significantly inhibited oxidative stress, by suppressing the production of reactive oxygen species up to 70% and reducing the production of nitric oxide, IL-6 and TNF-α up to 1.7-, 10- and 107-fold, respectively.